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Future Health






The More You Know About Depression

March 7, 2022 

Contrary to what most people think, depression is not that simple. Believe it or not there are many different types of depression.

Depression is known as a mood disorder that can cause a constant feeling of sadness and often followed with the loss of interest in things or activities that normally brings you pleasure.

To understand how diverse depression can be, the following are the four most common types of depression:

  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Major depressive disorder is usually referred to as clinical depression. Some symptoms would be;
    • Difficulty concentrating
    • Feeling worthless and/or guilt
    • Fatigue
    • Change in weight or sleep

If you or a loved one experience these symptoms consistently for longer than two weeks, please speak to your physician. Consistent symptoms often are diagnosed as MDD.

  • Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia): Usually known as Dysthymia, this is a chronic depression that is present for a long period of time. It can range from mild, to moderate, to severe. Some symptoms include;
    • Loss of interest
    • Irritability
    • Low self-esteem
    • Trouble sleeping
    • Lack of energy

Typically, the treatment for the type would be via medication and psychotherapy. About 1.5% of adults in the United States have PDD.

  • Bipolar Depression: This is where one has periods of abnormal elevated moods (mania). These moods can range from mild (hypomania) to extreme (manic). Most people who are diagnosed with this type of depression have episodes of major depression. The risk of suicide for BD is approximately more than 15 times greater than the general population. For BD, symptoms can vary between physical or emotional. Some symptoms include;
    • fatigue
    • Unexplained aches or pains
    • Anxiety or panic attacks
    • Disorganization
    • Loss of self-esteem
  • Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): This type is rather very common among adults. It is triggered by the disturbance in the normal circadian rhythm of the body. When the seasons change, it can disrupt the body’s pattern, which leads to depression. This type is rather difficult to retrieve rates due to how often it is undiagnosed and unreported.

If you or a loved one is struggling with depression and need assistance please call the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline at 1-800-662-4357.